Penguin algorithm is a code name for Google algorithm as its only aim is to decrease search engine rankings of websites that violate Google webmaster guidelines.

Penguin automatically gets triggered when we manipulate Google for high rankings or keyword stuffing. Penguin worked towards ensuring natural and relevant links to be appreciated and manipulative and spammy links to be degraded.

Penguin does not affect unless they have done any sketchy link building or hired SEO (Search engine Optimization) who might have engaged in those tactics.

Though the site owner does not know what the SEO was doing, the owner is ultimately responsible for those links. That is why site owners must always research an SEO consultant or agency before hiring.